DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

PART-I: DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT
• Economic Growth and Development • Alternative Measures of Development and Human Development Index (HDI) • Underdevelopment and Development GAP • Common Characteristics of Developing Countries • Perpetuation of Underdevelopment and Obstacles to Economic Development

PART-II: FACTORS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• Factors Determining Economic Growth: An Overview • Capital Formation: Determinants and Acceleration • Technological Progress and Economic Development • Technological Progress: Neutral, Capital-Using and Labour-Saving • Human Resource Development: Education and Economic Growth • Human Resource Development: Health and Nutrition • Population and Economic Development: Theory of Demographic Transition and Fertility • Population Growth: How it affects Economic Development, Poverty and Environment • Demographic Transition in India

PART-III: MODERN THEORIES AND MODELS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
• Harrod-Domar Model of Economic Growth • Neoclassical Theory of Growth: Solow Model • Meade's Neoclassical Model of Economic Growth • Joan Robinson's Model of Growth • New Theory of Economic Growth (Endogenous Growth Models)

PART-IV: THEORIES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: CLASSICAL, MARX, SCHUMPETER
• Classical Theories of Economic Development: Adam Smith and Ricardo • Malthus's Theory of Economic Development • Marx's Theory of Capitalist Development • Schumpeter's Theory of Development

PART-V: VARIOUS APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES OF DEVELOPMENT
• Lewis's Model of Development with Unlimited Labour Supply • ';Big Push' Strategy of Economic Development: Rosenstein-Rodan Approach • Balanced and Unbalanced Growth Strategies • ';Critical Minimum Effort' Theory and Strategy • Dualism and Development: Boeke's Social Dualism • Dualism and Development: Technological Dualism • Mahalanobis Growth Model and Heavy-Industry Strategy of Development • Wage-Goods Model and Strategy of Development

PART-VI: SECTORAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• Agriculture, Productivity and Economic Development • New Technology and Sustainable Agriculture • Land Reforms: Farm Size, Productivity and Efficiency • Rationale and Pattern of Industrialisation • Choice of Techniques and Appropriate Technology in Developing Countries • Infrastructure and Its Importance • Efficiency of Small-Scale Vs Large-Scale Industries

PART-VII: INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• Static and Dynamic Gains From International Trade • International Trade as an ';Engine of Economic Growth' • Trade as a Vent for Surplus • Myrdal, Prebisch-Singer Thesis Vs Free Trade • Primary Export-Led Growth • Manufacturing Export-Led Growth Model • Dual Gap Analysis • Foreign Trade Strategy: Import Substitution Vs Export Orientation with Special Reference to India • Balance of Payments Problems of Developing Countries • Theory of Protection and Tariff • Post-GATT International Economic Order and WTO

PART-VIII: RESOURCE ALLOCATION: CHOICE AND PATTERN OF INVESTMENT
• Investment Criteria: Minimum Capital-Output and Social Investment Criteria • Alternative Investment Criteria • Cost-Benefit Analysis and Project Evaluation

PART-IX: MACROECONOMIC POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENT
• Monetary Policy in Developing Countries • Role of Fiscal Policy and Taxation in Economic Development • Role of Fiscal Policy: Government Borrowing for Financing Development • Financing Development through Money Creation: Inflationary Financing • External Resources: Foreign Aid • Foreign Direct Investment and Role of Multinational Corporations in Developing Countries • IMF and World Bank Directed Macroeconomic Policies for Developing Countries

PART-X: ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
• Environment, Economy and Economic Development • Environment use and Degradation: The Problem of Market Failures • Pollution Control • Sustainable Development and Climate Change

PART-XI: PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
• Rationale and Need for Planning in Developing Countries • Review of Planning in India: 1951 to 1991 • Economic Crisis of 1991 and Review of Planning in Post-Reforms Period (1992-2012) • Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17): A Critical Review • The Indian Growth Miracle

PART-XII: INEQUALITY, POVERTY AND UNEMPLOYMENT
• Income Inequality and Economic Growth • Poverty and Economic Growth: International Perspective • Problem of Poverty in India • Disguised Unemployment and Capital Formation in Developing Countries • Employment, Unemployment and Economic Growth