This textbook has been designed to meet the needs of B.Sc. Fourth Semester (Core X) students of Physics as per the Common Minimum Syllabus prescribed for Odisha University and other Universities and Colleges under the recommended National Education Policy 2020 in Odisha.
This book offers a balanced integration of theoretical foundations, physical interpretation and experimental relevance, making it ideal for B.Sc. Physics students and allied courses.
Beginning with atoms in electric and magnetic fields, the text explains electron spin, space quantisation, vector atom model, spin-orbit coupling, and atomic spectral phenomena such as the Zeeman, Paschen-Back, and Stark effects. It then progresses to the fundamental properties of nucleus, including nuclear size, binding energy, mass defect, nuclear forces, stability criteria, and radioactive decay with real-world applications.
The book provides a critical discussion of nuclear models, detailed treatment of alpha, beta, and gamma decay, neutrino hypothesis, and nuclear reaction mechanisms. Advanced topics such as nuclear fission and fusion, reactors, stellar energy production, and particle physics—including quark model, conservation laws, Higgs boson, LHC, dark matter, and dark energy—are presented in a clear and coherent manner. A dedicated practical section ensures strong laboratory orientation alongside theory.
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